Journal of Bionic Engineering (2023) 20:2716–2731 https://doi.org/10.1007/s42235-023-00409-y

Metal-Doped Brushite Cement for Bone Regeneration

Muhammad Aqib1 · Aneela Anwar1 · Humayun Ajaz1 · Samina Akbar2 · Ahsan Manzoor1 · Maham Abid1 · Zohaib Waheed1 · Qudsia Kanwal3

Aneela Anwar a.anwar@uet.edu.pk

1 Department of Chemistry, University of Engineering and Technology, GT Road, Lahore 54890, Pakistan

2 Department of Chemistry, University of Engineering and Technology, GT Road, Lahore 54890, Pakistan

3 Department of Chemistry, University of Lahore, Lahore 5400, Pakistan

Abstract：For the past several years, calcium phosphate cement was used in the biomedical applications. Outstanding biocompatibility, good bioactivity, self-setting qualities, minimum setting degree, appropriate toughness, and simple shape to accommodate any difficult geometry are among their most notable attributes. Calcium phosphate has some types and brushite is one of the most attractive mineral for bone repair application. Brushite is extensively employed in filling fractures and trauma treatments as a bone substituted material. This kind of material can potentially be used as a medicine delivery device. The replacement of metal, such as magnesium, zinc, and strontium ions, into the calcium phosphate structure is a major research topic these days. Brushite cement has low mechanical strength and quick setting rate. It is possible to produce biomaterials with higher mechanical characteristics. By adding metal that are great potential in controlling cellular density when included into biomaterials. As a result, it is a successful method to develop quite well regenerative medicine. This paper provides a detailed summary of the present achievements of metal-doped brushite cement for bone repair and healing process. The major purpose of this work is to give a simple but thorough analysis of current successes in brushite cement doped with Zn, Mg, Sr, and other ions as well as to highlight new advancements and prospects. The impact of metal replacement on cement physical and chemical properties, including microstructure, setting time, injectability, mechanical property, and ion release, is explored. The metal-doped cement has osteogenesis, angiogenesis, and antibacterial properties, as well as their prospective utility as drug carriers, also considered.

Keywords：Calcium phosphate · Brushite · Bone cement · Metal dopants · Bone regeneration